Maryland’s general fund is 39% of its spending and federal funds 31%; Virginia runs more through other state funds, 34%, $8.5 billion of it transportation

Source. NASBO, 2025 State Expenditure Report, Table 1, fiscal 2025 (estimated); Virginia’s other state funds by function, Tables 9 (higher education) and 21 (transportation).

Method and data

Method. Fund source ÷ total expenditures, NASBO Table 1, fiscal 2025 (estimated). Virginia’s other state funds include $8.5 billion for transportation (Table 21) and $5.3 billion for higher education (Table 9).

Fund source	Maryland, FY2025 (%)	Maryland ($ million)	Virginia (%)	Virginia ($ million)	All states (%)	All states ($ million)
General fund	38.7	27,457	36.9	32,948	37.9	1,216,008
Federal funds	31.2	22,169	27.7	24,768	33.5	1,077,138
Other state funds	27.0	19,181	34.4	30,780	27.2	873,887
Bonds	3.0	2,134	1.0	909	1.4	44,746

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Higgins Strategy. “Maryland’s general fund is 39% of its spending and federal funds 31%; Virginia runs more through other state funds, 34%, $8.5 billion of it transportation” Exhibit 5, Every State Dollar (Study XIX). October 12, 2026. https://higginsstrategy.com/charts/19-05-spending-by-fund-source-md-va-fy2025/